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AWK

• Year: 1977
• Developed by: Alfred V. Aho, Peter J. Weinberger, and Brian W. Kernighan
• The language’s name came from the first letter of their last names
• Used for:
  • Text processing
  • Data extraction
  • Reporting

BASIC

• Year: 1964
• Developed by: John G. Kemeny and Thomas E. Kurtz
• Acronym that stands for Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
• Used for:
  • General purpose

C

• Year: 1969-1973
• Developed by: Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs
• A general purpose compiled programming language that is still one of the most widely used languages in the world
• Used for:
  • General purpose

Delphi

• Year: 1995
• Developed by: Borland
• Based on Object Pascal language
• Used for:
  • Rapid application development for
    • Desktop
    • Mobile
    • Web
    • Console software

Elixir

• Year: 2011
• Developed by: Plataformatec
• Functional programming language run on Erlang virtual machine or BEAM platform
• Used for:
  • Web development

Frink

• Year: N/A
• Developed by: Alan Eliasen
• Named after Professor John Frink, a character from the long-running Simpsons television show
• Used for:
  • Simplifying physical calculations

Go

• Year: 2009
• Developed by: Google
• Public, open-source language with a built-in concurrency and garbage collector
• Used for:
  • Operation with multi-core processors

Haskell

• Year: 1990
• Developed by: Peyton Jones, Paul Hudak, Philip Wadler, John Hughes
• Named after logician Haskell Curry
• Used for:
  • Concurrent programming

iOS/Swift

• Year: 2014
• Developed by: Apple
• Fast, powerful interactive language
• Used for:
  • Development of applications for
    • iOs
    • macOS

JavaScript

• Year: 1997
• Developed by: Brendan Eich of Netscape Communications
• One of the most popular languages used in recent years
• Used for:
  • Dynamic web development

Kotlin

• Year: 2016
• Developed by: JetBrains
• Ranked second as the most loved programming language in 2018
• Used for:
  • General purpose language for
    • JVM
    • Android

Lisp

• Year: 1958
• Developed by: John McCarthy at MIT
• One of the oldest high-level programming languages
• Used for:
  • Artificial intelligence research

MATLAB

• Year: 1984
• Developed by: Cleve Moler at the University of New Mexico
• Matlab is short for matrix laboratory
• Used for:
  • Processing, evaluating and graphical displaying numerical data

Nemerle

• Year: 2003
• Developed by: Kamil Skalski, Michał Moskal, Prof. Leszek Pacholski, Paweł Olszta at Wrocław University
• Named after a character in the science fiction classic The Wizard of Earthsea by Ursula K. Le Guin
• Used for:
  • General purpose functional
  • Imperative and object-oriented program for .net platform

Opal

• Year: N/A
• Developed by: Technical University of Berlin
• Stands for Optimized Applicative Language
• Used for:
  • Object-oriented design

Python

• Year: 1991
• Developed by: Guido van Rossum, a Dutch computer programmer
• Open-source, interpreted, easy to use programming language often used by beginner developers
• Used for:
  • High-level, general purpose programming

Q

• Year: 2003
• Developed by: Kx Systems
• Layered onto K, Q is a proprietary array processing language
• Used for:
  • Vector programming

Rust

• Year: 2010
• Developed by: Mozilla
• Most loved programming language of 2016, 2017 and 2018, used by Coursera and Dropbox among others
• Used for:
  • Systems programming

SQL

• Year: 1974
• Developed by: Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce
• SQL stands for Structured Query Language
• Used for:
  • Managing and querying data in relational database management systems

Typescript

• Year: 2012
• Developed by: Microsoft
• An augmentation of JavaScript, portable across browsers, devices, and operating systems
• Used for:
  • Development of large applications

Ubercode

• Year: 2005
• Developed by: Ubercode Software
• Easy to use, compatible language with automatic memory management
• Used for:
  • High-level programming

Visual Basic

• Year: 1991
• Developed by: Alan Cooper
• Easy to learn and use, VB inherits many features from BASIC
• Used for:
  • High-level object-oriented rapid application development

Windows Powershell

• Year: 2006
• Developed by:
• Microsoft’s command line shell and scripting language, released in 2006
• Available with a number of Windows platforms
• Used for:
  • System administration of Windows OS and applications that run on it

XL

• Year: 2000
• Developed by: Christophe de Dinechin
• Stands for Extensible Language, XL is open source and simple to read and write
• Used for:
  • Concept programming

YQL

• Year: 2008
• Developed by: Yahoo!
• Allows developers to query, filter, and join data from different sources across the web
• Used for:
  • Data retrieval and manipulation

ZIL

• Year: Late 1970s
• Developed by: Infocom
• Short for Zork Implementation Language and based on MDL
• Used for:
  • Creating text-based adventure games

Top 20 Most Popular Languages Used by Developers in 2018

• JavaScript, 70% — most common language used for the 6^th year in a row
• HTML 69%
• CSS 65%
• SQL 57%
• Java 45%
• Bash/Shell 40%
• Python 39%
• C# 34%
• PHP 31%
• C++ 25%
• C 23%
• Typescript 17%
• Ruby 10%
• Swift 8%
• Assembly 7%
• Go %
• Objective-C 7%
• NET 7%
• R 6%
• Matlab 6%